扁平移(yi)動電(dian)線電(dian)纜種(zhong)類(lei)區別及產(chan)品(pin)特點

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜用以(yi)傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（磁(ci)）能，信息和實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)能轉換的(de)線(xian)(xian)材產品．廣義(yi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜亦簡稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜．狹義(yi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是指(zhi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜．它可(ke)(ke)定義(yi)為：由下列部(bu)分組成的(de)集(ji)合體：一根或(huo)多根絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯，以(yi)及它們各自可(ke)(ke)能具有的(de)包(bao)覆層(ceng)，總保護層(ceng)及外護層(ceng)．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜亦可(ke)(ke)有附加的(de)沒有絕(jue)緣的(de)導(dao)體．

電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)種類(lei)很多，按其不同的(de)(de)特點(dian)可以(yi)有不同的(de)(de)分類(lei)方法。若綜合產品的(de)(de)性能、結構(gou)和制(zhi)造(zao)工藝(yi)的(de)(de)相近性，并結合使用特點(dian)，可分為裸電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁線(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣裝備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、通(tong)信電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)五個(ge)大類(lei)。

(1)電(dian)磁線(xian)：是(shi)用(yong)于電(dian)機(ji)、電(dian)器和電(dian)工儀表的線(xian)圈或(huo)繞(rao)組，已(yi)實現電(dian)磁能量轉(zhuan)換(huan)的電(dian)線(xian)，又稱繞(rao)組線(xian)。按絕(jue)緣層所用(yong)材料、結構、耐熱(re)等級和用(yong)途，可以分為(wei)漆包(bao)線(xian)、繞(rao)包(bao)線(xian)、無機(ji)絕(jue)緣電(dian)磁線(xian)、特種(zhong)電(dian)磁線(xian)四大類。

①漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)線：是將絕緣(yuan)漆(qi)(qi)涂在導電線芯上經(jing)烘干(gan)形(xing)成的漆(qi)(qi)膜(mo)作(zuo)為絕緣(yuan)層的。普通(tong)漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)線可(ke)分(fen)為縮醛、聚(ju)(ju)酯、聚(ju)(ju)氨酯、環氧、聚(ju)(ju)酯亞胺、油性漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)線等，特(te)種(zhong)漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)線有自(zi)粘直(zhi)焊漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)線、自(zi)粘漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)線、耐冷(leng)凍劑漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)線等。

②繞(rao)包(bao)電(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)，用絕緣紙、玻璃絲(si)、天然絲(si)和(he)合(he)成絲(si)等緊密繞(rao)包(bao)在裸(luo)導線(xian)或(huo)漆包(bao)線(xian)上，形(xing)成絕緣層的電(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)叫繞(rao)包(bao)電(dian)磁(ci)線(xian)。包(bao)括(kuo)絲(si)包(bao)線(xian)、玻璃絲(si)包(bao)線(xian)、紙包(bao)線(xian)、薄膜(mo)繞(rao)包(bao)線(xian)等。

③無機(ji)絕(jue)緣電磁線(xian)：是用無機(ji)絕(jue)緣材料(liao)，如陶瓷、玻璃膜(mo)、氧化膜(mo)等作絕(jue)緣層的電磁線(xian)。

④特(te)種電磁線：是具有適用于特(te)殊場合使用的絕緣(yuan)結構及特(te)性的電磁線，如中、高頻(pin)繞組線，聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)尼龍護套潛水電機繞組等。

(2)裸電線(xian)：沒有絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)稱為裸電線(xian)，又稱裸導體。它是(shi)電線(xian)電纜產品(pin)(pin)中zui基本的(de)(de)(de)一大類產品(pin)(pin)。按產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)形態(tai)結構和用(yong)途不(bu)同，分為圓單(dan)線(xian)、架空用(yong)絞線(xian)、軟接(jie)線(xian)和型線(xian)等四(si)個系(xi)列。

①圓(yuan)單(dan)(dan)線(xian)：又稱圓(yuan)線(xian)，是圓(yuan)形的(de)單(dan)(dan)根(gen)導(dao)線(xian)。從材料上分有單(dan)(dan)金(jin)屬(shu)線(xian)、圓(yuan)鋁(lv)線(xian)、圓(yuan)銅合(he)金(jin)線(xian)、鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)線(xian)、雙金(jin)屬(shu)線(xian)、銅包鋼線(xian)和鋁(lv)包鋼線(xian)等。圓(yuan)單(dan)(dan)線(xian)可以(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)獨使用，也可以(yi)(yi)構成(cheng)絞(jiao)線(xian)，并可以(yi)(yi)作為電線(xian)電纜導(dao)體(ti)，即(ji)構成(cheng)各(ge)種線(xian)芯

②架空用絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)：是由多(duo)根(gen)圓線(xian)(xian)(xian)或(huo)型線(xian)(xian)(xian)，經絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)或(huo)嵌合(he)(he)而成的裸(luo)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)。裸(luo)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)能制成較大(da)截面的導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，以(yi)輸配(pei)較大(da)的電流，而且比較柔軟和(he)牢靠，廣泛(fan)地用于電壓(ya)為380V～330kV及以(yi)上各種輸配(pei)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中。主要品種有(you)鋁絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋼(gang)芯(xin)鋁絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋁合(he)(he)金絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋼(gang)芯(xin)鋁合(he)(he)金絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋁包(bao)鋼(gang)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋼(gang)芯(xin)鋁包(bao)鋼(gang)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、擴徑鋼(gang)鋁絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)硬銅絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)等。

③軟接(jie)線(xian)(xian)：凡柔軟的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)絞(jiao)線(xian)(xian)或各種編制(zhi)線(xian)(xian)均稱(cheng)為軟接(jie)線(xian)(xian)。供各種要求柔軟連接(jie)的場合使用。包括裸(luo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)軟線(xian)(xian)、裸(luo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)天線(xian)(xian)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)電刷線(xian)(xian)和銅(tong)(tong)(tong)編制(zhi)線(xian)(xian)等。

④型(xing)線(xian)：是一類為滿(man)足不同(tong)用途的(de)電線(xian)電纜及電氣設備元(yuan)件的(de)要求而制成的(de)矩(ju)形(xing)、梯形(xing)、葫蘆形(xing)等不同(tong)幾何形(xing)狀的(de)導體(ti)(ti)。包(bao)括扁線(xian)、母線(xian)、異形(xing)排及電車線(xian)等產品。

(3)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)：輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)技術中(zhong)，通常把(ba)35kV及以下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)級(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，稱(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan);而(er)把(ba)1lOkV及以上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)級(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)稱(cheng)為(wei)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。中(zhong)、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)主要有(you)：塑料絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)、橡皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)等。高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)有(you)自容式充(chong)油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)、鋼管充(chong)油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

①塑料(liao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)：包括(kuo)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(具有(you)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan))、聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(具有(you)聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan))、交(jiao)聯(lian)聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(具有(you)交(jiao)聯(lian)聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan))等(deng)。

②橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)：具有橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)層的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)為橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。包括天然(ran)一丁苯橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、乙丙橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、丁基(ji)橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)等。另外(wai)還有壓縮氣體絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、超導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)等。

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