講解耐(nai)電(dian)壓測試儀基(ji)本原理及選用

耐(nai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)測(ce)試(shi)儀又(you)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣強度試(shi)驗儀或叫介質強度測(ce)試(shi)儀。將(jiang)一(yi)規定(ding)(ding)交流或直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)施加在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部分和非帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部分（一(yi)般(ban)為外殼(ke)）之(zhi)間(jian)以檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣材(cai)料所能承(cheng)受(shou)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)能力的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)在長(chang)期(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，不僅要承(cheng)受(shou)額(e)定(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，還要承(cheng)受(shou)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程中(zhong)引起短時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)于額(e)定(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用（過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)可能會高(gao)(gao)于額(e)定(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)幾倍）。在這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)內部結構將(jiang)發生變化。當過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度達到(dao)某一(yi)定(ding)(ding)值(zhi)時，就(jiu)會使(shi)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣擊穿，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)不能正常運行，操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者就(jiu)可能觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),危及人身安全。

1、耐電(dian)壓(ya)測試儀結構(gou)及組成

（1）升壓部分

調壓變壓器(qi)、升(sheng)壓變壓器(qi)及(ji)升(sheng)壓部分(fen)電(dian)源(yuan)|穩壓器接通及切斷開關組成。

220V電壓通過接通，切斷(duan)開關加到調壓變壓器上(shang)調壓變壓器輸出(chu)連(lian)接升(sheng)壓變壓器。用戶只(zhi)需調節調壓器就可以控(kong)制(zhi)升(sheng)壓變壓器的(de)輸出(chu)電壓。

（2）控制部分

電(dian)(dian)流取樣，時間電(dian)(dian)路、報警電(dian)(dian)路組(zu)成。控制部分當收到啟動(dong)信號，儀器|儀表立即在接通升壓部分電源。當收到被測回路電流超過設定值及發出聲光報警立即切斷升壓回路電源。當收到復位或者時間到信號后切斷升壓回路電源。

（3）顯示電路

顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示升壓(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)。顯(xian)(xian)示由電(dian)(dian)流取(qu)樣(yang)部分(fen)的電(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)，及時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的時(shi)間(jian)值(zhi)一(yi)般為。

（4）以上是傳統的耐電壓試驗儀的結構組成。隨著電子技術及單片，計算機技術飛速發展；程控耐電壓測試儀這幾年也發展很快，程控耐壓儀與傳統的耐壓儀不同之處主要是升壓部分。程控耐壓儀高壓升壓不是通過市電由調壓器來調節，而是通過單片計算機控制產生一個50Hz或60Hz的正弦波信號再通過功率放大電路進行放大升壓，輸出電壓值也由單片計算機進行控制，其它部分原理與傳統耐壓儀差別不大。

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